Psychological backwards causation

Abstract

Abstract

Since Michael Dummett (1925 –2011) published "Can an effect precede its cause" (1954), in which he argued for the logical consistency of backwards causation, the controversial concept has been discussed extensively. One of the many misunderstandings related to Dummett’s argument is due the belief that his argument can fit both psychological as well as physical accounts of backwards causation. This paper clarifies this confusion. Key words: Backwards Causation, Physical Backwards Causation, and Psychological Backwards Causation..